Massimo Bottura

In March 2018, I wrote a post, “Combatting Food Waste,” which featured the renowned Italian chef, Massimo Bottura, a vocal advocate on this theme.  During the Milan Expo in 2015, he opened an experimental soup kitchen that used leftover food from the exhibition as part of a campaign to raise awareness about food waste.  The documentary, “Theatre of Life” features the Refettorio Ambrosiano, where he invited 60 of the world’s best chefs to cook with him for the homeless of Milan.  During the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro the next year, he set up an “anti-waste” kitchen to feed people who lived in Rio’s slums.

Bottura’s home is Modena where he is celebrated as the world’s best chef at his restaurant Osteria Francescana.  With a staff of 36, Bottura creates amazing dishes that are works of art.  In fact, his dishes are inspired by contemporary art and combine colorful compositions, complex flavors and multiple textures with whimsical names.  Bottura’s dish “Camouflage” is an abstract painting made of wild hare, juniper berries and cocoa powder.  One of his desserts, “Oops! I dropped the Lemon Tart,” which was born from an accident, resembles a Jackson Pollock painting on a plate.

When Bottura and his American wife opened the restaurant in 1995, they struggled for years.  His minimalist rendition of a bowl of tortellini—with just 6 pieces of pasta—was met with scorn by the locals; even the Modenese food critic said, “don’t go there.”  And hardly anyone did.  His food was seen as a sacrilege in a land that reveres traditional cooking and Modena’s famous balsamic vinegar and parmigiana Reggiano, which have been made the same way for centuries.

After six years of bad reviews and empty tables, he finally introduced a few traditional Italian dishes, including tagliatelle.  A food critic happened by and gave it a rave review.  Now the maestro can indulge all his fantasies and dreams – and hard work—in dishes that delight him and his clientele: “An eel swimming up the Po River,” “The Crunchy Part of Lasagna” and “Five ages of Parmigiano Reggiano,” which is a popular dish composed of 5 different textures and temperatures using the king of cheeses.  They all pay tribute to local products and dishes, but are executed with his inimitable twist and creativity.

And now, following the quarantine, chef Bottura has reopened the doors of his restaurant with even more innovations, this time inspired by the Beatles.  It’s called “With a Little Help from My Friends,” and Bottura pays tribute to his staff: “In this long, forced rest we thought of a new, imaginative, colorful cuisine that spoke to us and our land of Emilia and also of distant places.”  The menu starts with “A Day in the Life,” which is a bread knotted with honey and salt, to remember the solidarity among the staff during the coronavirus.

“Cellophane Flowers & Kaleidoscope Eyes” contains cuttlefish of Chioggia, scampi, Adriatic mussels and bottarga.  “Yellow Submarine” combines turbot and potatoes compacted in a saffron rice coquette with an unexpected exotic flavor: pineapple, daikon and flowers.  “Strawberry Fields” is a gazpacho that contains slightly sour strawberries in Lambrusco with shrimp, smoked mozzarella and Sechuan pepper.  And “In the Sky without Lucy” is a dessert with roasted peaches, ice cream, meringue, amoretti biscuits and cotton candy.

It takes months to get a reservation at his restaurant and the price for a meal, as unforgettable as it might be, is quite steep. What is amazing is not only Bottura’s energy and creativity, but also the many skills he has to organize soup kitchens, to convince and lead others to cook for the poor, as well as to manage the most sought-after restaurant in the world.  He is a celebrity chef with a conscience, and in the words of Bottura, “chefs can no longer cook for just the elite ignoring the ethical issues about feeding the planet.”

 

Posted in Abitudini, Arte, Cucina italiana, English, Foto, Italia, Modena | 1 Comment

Il Santo Volto di Lucca

Per secoli, pellegrini provenienti da tutto il mondo si sono recati a Lucca, città della Toscana, per pregare davanti a una delle reliquie più preziose della cristianità: un crocifisso in legno di 247 centimetri, noto come Volto Santo di Lucca. Come la Sindone di Torino, il Volto Santo è considerato una delle vere icone di Cristo. Nel tardo Medioevo, era ben noto in tutta Europa. “Sulla faccia della cattedrale di Lucca” c’è persino testimonianza di un giuramento prestato da Guglielmo II d’Inghilterra, in nome del Volto Santo, fatto menzionato anche nell’Inferno di Dante.

Secondo la leggenda, il Santo Volto fu scolpito da Nicodemo che, nella Bibbia, aiutò a preparare e collocare il corpo di Cristo nella tomba. Nicodemo si addormentò prima di aver finito il viso. Quando si svegliò, scoprì che era stato completato da un angelo. Nell’VIII secolo, un vescovo italiano, guidato da un sogno, lo scoprì in una grotta in pellegrinaggio in Terra Santa. Il crocifisso fu messo su una nave senza vele o senza equipaggio e miracolosamente salpò per l’Italia. Arrivò per la prima volta al porto di Luni, nella Liguria orientale. I tentativi degli abitanti di impossessarsi della barca furano inutili. Dopo la visita di un angelo in sogno, il vescovo di Lucca si recò al porto, e la barca gli rivelò il suo prezioso carico. Sorse una controversia tra Luni e Lucca sul diritto a ricevere un tale dono. Il vescovo consegnò a Luni un’ampolla con il sangue di Cristo\ e così il Santo Volto andò a Lucca.

Nel corso del tempo, molti storici dell’arte sono arrivati ​​a credere che l’attuale crocifisso nella cattedrale di San Martino a Lucca sia una copia del XII secolo dall’originale dell’ VIII secolo perduto o distrutto. Come parte della commemorazione del 950 ° anniversario della sua fondazione, la cattedrale ha recentemente autorizzato uno studio scientifico del crocifisso per determinare l’età. I test sono stati eseguiti con il metodo Carbone 14, presso la sede di Firenze dell’Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare. Questo metodo è noto soprattutto per la datazione di materiali di origine organica, come legno e tessuti. I campioni sono stati prelevati dal crocifisso – prelievi di alcuni milligrammi di materiale in diversi punti – dal legno e anche da uno strato di tela sulla scultura. La tela dà una datazione più accurata, perché il legno sarebbe stato tagliato anni prima di essere scolpito.

I risultati indicano che il crocifisso risale tra il 770 e l’880 d.C. Pertanto, questa scultura di Cristo, straordinariamente conservata, caratterizzata da occhi bassi, da un colobio, cioè è una tunica lunga fino alla caviglia, è ora la più antica scultura in legno sopravvissuta in Europa e in Occidente. La statua di legno di circa 1.000 anni sono davvero molto rare, perché il legno è molto più deperibile del bronzo o del marmo

A Lucca continueranno le celebrazioni, tra cui l’annuale processione a lume di candela, la Luminara, il 13 settembre, dedicata al Santo Volto. La processione, che non include più la scultura come in passato, procede dalla Basilica di San Frediano alla cattedrale, dove un ciclo di affreschi commemora la leggenda di Nicodemo che scolpì il volto. Il Santo Volto è oggi il simbolo della città di Lucca e l’orgoglio di una città-stato che fu una repubblica indipendente per ben sette secoli.

 

 

 

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The Holy Face of Lucca

For centuries, pilgrims from all over the world came to the Tuscan town of Lucca to pray before one of Christendom’s most treasured relics—an eight-foot-tall (247 centimeters) wooden crucifix known as the Volto Santo di Lucca.  Like the Shroud of Turin, the Volto Santo is regarded as one of the true icons of Christ.  By the late Middle Ages, it was well known throughout Europe.  “By the face of Lucca” was an oath sworn by William II of England, and it is even mentioned in Dante’s Inferno.

According to legend, the Holy Face was sculpted by Nicodemus who, in the Bible, helped to prepare and place the body of Christ in the tomb.  Nicodemus fell asleep before he had finished the face.  When he awoke, he found that it had been completed by an angel.  In the 8th century, an Italian bishop, guided by a dream, discovered it in a cave on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land.  The crucifix was put on a ship with no sails or crew and miraculously set sail for Italy.  It first came to the port of Luni in eastern Liguria. The attempts of the inhabitants to take possession of the boat were useless.  Following a visit by an angel in a dream, the bishop of Lucca went to the port, and the boat revealed to him its precious cargo.  A dispute arose between Luni and Lucca over the right to receive such a gift.  The bishop gave Luni an ampoule with the blood of Christ, and the Holy Face thus went to Lucca.

Over time, many art historians came to believe that the current crucifix in the San Martino cathedral in Lucca was a 12th century copy of the lost or destroyed 8th century original.  As part of the commemoration of the 950th anniversary of its foundation, the cathedral recently authorized a scientific study of the crucifix to determine its age.  The tests were carried out with the Carbon 14 method at the Florence headquarters of the National Institute of Nuclear Physics.  This method is best known for dating material of organic origin, such as wood and fabrics.  Samples were taken from the crucifix—withdrawals of a few milligrams of material in several places—from the wood and also from a stratum of canvas on the sculpture. Canvas gives a more accurate dating because wood could have ben cut years before it was carved.

The results indicate that the crucifix dates between 770 and 880 AD.  Therefore, this remarkably preserved sculpture of Christ with downcast eyes and wearing a colobium, an ankle-length tunic, is now the oldest surviving wooden carving in Europe and the West.  Wood is far more perishable than bronze or marble; wooden statues of around 1,000 years of age are very rare indeed.

In Lucca, celebrations will continue, including the annual candlelit procession, the Luminara, which is devoted to the Holy Face on September 13.  The procession, which no longer includes the sculpture as in the past, proceeds to the cathedral from the Basilica of San Frediano, where a fresco cycle commemorates the legend of Nicodemus sculpting the image.  The Holy Face is the symbol of the city of Lucca today and the pride of a city-state that remained an independent republic for seven centuries.

Posted in Arte, English, Foto, Italia, Storia, Toscana | 3 Comments